Five things to know about the Northwest Passage

  • Previously inaccessible to all but the hardiest explorers, you can now discover a wealth of extraordinary wildlife, fascinating history and rich Inuit culture
  • There are seven main routes through the Northwest Passage, which thread their ways through Canada’s Arctic archipelago of 36,500 islands
  • This is true expedition, sea ice covers the archipelago for much of the year, but by late summer many of the waterways become ice-free offering chance for exploration
  • Lancaster Sound is a major migratory route for many marine and terrestrial species, making it ideal for polar bear, walrus, narwhal and beluga whale sightings
  • It’s one of the least populated regions on the planet with 0.05 people per square mile

Swoop says

Swoop Says background image

The Northwest Passage is a stunning, sparsely inhabited island maze. With massive distances and minimal transport, an expedition cruise is realistically the only way to travel here.

Nardus Erasmus Arctic Sales Specialist

The Northwest Passage
The Northwest Passage

Guide to the Northwest Passage

What is the Northwest Passage?

The Northwest Passage is the sea route across the northern Canadian Archipelago joining the Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic. For centuries European explorers had sought a way through the ice in search of a shorter route to the East. Many lives were sacrificed in the search until Roald Amundsen succeeded between 1903-1906 on board the Gjoa.

The shrinking of Arctic sea ice and advances in modern vessels has made the route increasingly accessible. Alongside the expedition ships carrying adventurers are a handful of commercial vessels cutting 2,500 miles off their journey, saving precious time and fuel, and serving the remote communities dotted through the region.

The Northwest Passage

Navigate the ice of the High Arctic

History

Humans first entered this region some 12,000 years ago, following big game across a land bridge that is now the Bering Strait. The first archaeological remains of a Paleoeskimo culture date to 5,000 years ago, followed by the Dorset culture 2,500 years later who developed marine hunting techniques.

Between 1,200 and 500 years ago the Thule began building whalebone and sod houses, the remains of which you can still see.

The Thule period also saw the first impact of an alien culture on the region. As Vikings expanded their territory, artefacts suggest trade links were established with the Norsemen who settled in Greenland.

More recently the Northwest Passage became infamous as explorers tried and failed for centuries to find a way through the ice.

Beechey Island, Northwest Passage

Graves of explorers on Beechey Island

Wildlife

The waterways and islands of the Northwest Passage are home to the famous Arctic Big Five - polar bear, musk ox, walrus, narwhal and beluga whales - alongside reindeer (caribou), seal, arctic fox and lemmings. In addition, the summer sees an influx of migratory visitors who are making the most of the short breeding season.

Lancaster Sound is a wildlife superhighway for many marine and terrestrial species, forming a unique ecosystem. In August 2017, a momentous step was taken to protect it with the formation of a national marine conservation area twice the size of Nova Scotia.

The Northwest Passage

Bears on ice in Lancaster Sound

Swoop says

Swoop Says background image

The Northwest Passage offers so much variety. There is wildlife, often in spades, there is definitely scenery and there will be ice. And it's the ice that rules all. It's density will determine the route of your journey and what you see along the way.

Alex Mudd Head of Swoop Arctic

What our customers think of the Northwest Passage

A truly a five star trip given to me by my daughter. The most memorable gift I have received in 87 years!!

Travelled: September 2025

Ella Jane Kunkle - Philippines

We have done two trips with Swoop/Aurora and enjoyed the expertise, knowledge of the ship, itinerary and the company!! All of our questions/needs are promptly answered!!

Travelled: September 2025

John Youngblood - USA

Worked with us to get best price and desired cabin location.

Travelled: September 2025

Christine Lonie - USA

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The trip was good, the light gorgeous, the icebergs fantastical, and the wildlife wonderful with more polar bears than expected. The traditional villages made us think about their future, and we met new friends. Read the full review

Travelled: August 2018

Carol & Gerard Yorke - USA

Swoop Says background image

Swoop says

In the absence of any hotels or infrastructure outside the handful and very isolated communities, the best way to explore is on board an expedition ship. Your ship operates as both your floating hotel, mode of transportation and basecamp for daily off ship excursions.

Plan your trip to the Northwest Passage

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